非农就业对农户林业生产分工的影响——基于福建省的农户调研数据

The Influence of Non-Farm Employment on the Division of the Forestry Production of Farmers——Based on the Survey Data on Farmers in Fujian Province

【目的】在集体林权制度改革后期,森林资源配置效率的提升遇到了新问题,现有研究成果及现实探索并未提供行之有效的答案;与此同时,外部环境的变化促使农户非农就业增多,林业投劳机会成本上升。本文主要探索非农就业与林业生产分工之间的关系,为加快构建林业生产分工体系、有效促进林业专业化发展提供政策参考,并丰富林业分工理论的研究。【方法】1)将非农就业对农户林业生产分工决策的影响分为替代效应和收入效应,并以此为理论基础,深入分析非农就业对农户林业生产分工的影响;2)利用福建省农户调研数据,选取二元Probit模型验证二者之间的显著关系;3)选择“本村人是否有外出打工的习惯”作为工具变量,采用IV-Probit模型解决内生性问题;4)将“非农就业人数”替换关键变量“非农就业收入”进行稳健性检验。【结果】IV-Probit模型实证分析结果显示:在1%的显著性水平上,非农就业收入和非农就业劳动力不住家对农户林业生产分工有显著的正向影响。主要原因有2方面:一是农户非农就业收入越多,参与林业生产分工的资金约束越小,替代效应越明显;二是非农就业不住家的农户从事林业生产的机会成本相对较高,选择林业生产分工服务的可能性更大。同时,在10%的显著性水平上,周围农户参与分工的比例和家庭收入在本村的水平对农户林业生产分工有显著影响。稳健性分析表明上述结果具有稳定性。【结论】1)农户非农就业对林业生产分工有促进作用,因此,随着社会经济的发展,农户的非农就业收入和不住家的非农劳动力人数会不断增加,林业生产分工进一步深化是未来的发展趋势。2)周围农户参与分工的比例越高,林业生产分工的交易成本就越低,农户就越有可能参与分工。根据以上结论,林业部门需要着力构建林业生产分工服务体系,打造林业生产分工服务信息平台,建立多部门综合联动机制,制定统筹兼顾的林业政策,使得林业分工发展得以稳定有序的推进。

【Objective】In the late stage of the collective forest tenure reform,the improvement of the forest allocation efficiency encountered new problems,and the existing research results and the practical exploration did not provide effective answers.At the same time,the change of the external environment promotes the increase of non-farm employment of farmers,the opportunity cost of forestry investment increases.This paper mainly explores the relationship between non-farm employment and the forestry production division,and provides policy references for accelerating the construction of the forestry production division system and effectively promoting the development of the forestry specialization,and enriches studies on forestry division theory.【Method】Firstly,we divide the influence of the non-farm employment on the farmers’decision into the substitution effect and the income effect.Based on the theoretical basis,we analyze the influence of the non-farm employment on the farmers’forestry production division.Secondly,we use farmers’data from Fujian province and select the binary Probit model to verify the significant relationship between the two.Thirdly,we select the tool variable of“does the village people have the habit of going out to work?”and use the IV-Probit model to solve the endogenous problem.At the last,the robustness test is carried out by replacing the key variable“non-farm employment income”with“non-farm employment number”.【Result】The empirical analysis of IV-Probit model showed that:at the significance level of 1%,the non-farm employment income of farmers and the non-farm labor force who does not live at home both have significant positive impact on the division of the forestry production.Firstly,the more non-farm employment income farmers have,the less capital constraint they have to participate in the division of the forestry production,the more obvious the substitution effect.Secondly,the non-farm employment farmer who does not live at home has a higher opportunity cost of the forestry production,they are more likely to choose the division service.At the same time,at the significance level of 10%,the proportion of surrounding farmers participating in the division of labor and the level of family income in the village have significant impact on the division of labor in the forestry production.In addition,the robustness analysis shows that the above results are stable.【Conclusion】1)The non-farm employment of farmers has a role in promoting the division of labor in the forestry production.With social and economic development,the income of the non-farm employment and the number of non-farm employment labors who do not live in their homes will increase.It is the future trend of the further deepening the development of the division of labor in the forestry production.2)The higher the proportion of farmers involved in the division of labor,the lower the transaction cost of the division of labor in the forestry production,and the more likely farmers are to participate in the division of labor in the forestry production.Therefore,it is necessary to strive to construct the service system of the forestry production division of labor,build an information platform of the forestry production division service,establish a mechanism of multi-sectoral integration and formulate forestry policies with multiple departments to promote the development of the forestry division of labor steadily and orderly.