骨源性外泌体miRNAs主要物理特性及在骨重建和骨代谢中的应用潜力

Advances in exosome miRNAs in bone reconstruction and bone metabolic diseases

背景:外泌体是生物分子在骨重建微环境中发送细胞间信息的载体。在生理和病理条件下,外泌体在骨重建和骨代谢中起着重要的调控作用。目的:对骨源性外泌体miRNAs的主要物理特性进行了简要综述,分析了其在骨重建和骨代谢领域的关键作用和应用潜力。方法:应用计算机在PubMed、Web of Science和Medline等数据库检索涉及骨源性外泌体与骨重建、骨代谢的相关研究,检索关键词为"bone-derived exosomes miRNA,bone reconstruction,bone metabolism",检索时间为2007年1月至2020年1月,最终纳入文献60篇。结果与结论:骨源性外泌体是一类纳米级细胞外囊泡,含有多种蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性分子。越来越多的证据表明,骨源性外泌体miRNAs通过基因表达调节、细胞间通讯和物质转运,起到了骨代谢的调控作用,其不仅可作为骨质疏松症、骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等疾病的潜在生物标志物,同时也在靶向治疗方面发挥有益的作用。

BACKGROUND:Exosomes are the carrier of intercellular information sent by biomolecules in bone reconstruction microenvironment.Exosomes play an important role in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions.OBJECTIVE:To briefly review the main physical properties of bone-derived exosome miRNAs,and to analyze its key role and application potential in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism.METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed,Web of Science,and Medline databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding bone-derived exosomes involved in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism published between January 2007 and January 2020 with the search terms of“bone-derived exosomes miRNA,bone reconstruction,bone metabolism.”Finally,60 articles were included for further analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone-derived exosomes are a class of nanoscale extracellular vesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins,lipids and nucleic acids.Accumulating evidence suggests that bone-derived exosome miRNAs play a regulatory role in bone metabolism through gene expression regulation,intercellular communication,and material transport.Exosomes cannot only be used as a potential biomarker for osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases,but also play a beneficial role in targeted therapy.