从消权到增权:老年失独妇女养老问题因应新思路

From Dis-Empowerment to Empowerment:New Thoughts onElderly Care for Bereaved Women

养老问题是失独群体面临的最现实的困境,而在中国独特的社会脉络下,老年失独妇女的养老问题值得特别关注。以病理观为基础的养老方式并不能有效化解老年失独妇女的养老风险,整合微观个体和宏观结构改变的增权式养老应成为新思路。老年失独妇女养老消权存在三大来源,分别是个人层面资源缺失及效能不足、人际层面负向互动和群我排斥、制度层面的政策缺陷和结构压迫。而加强老年失独妇女的养老能力建设、激发权能感、加强社会公众教育和社会化养老模式建设、消除障碍和歧视、加强公平正义的制度建设以及有效保障失独养老权利,是实现从消权式养老向增权式养老转变的重要路径。

Elderly Care is the most realistic dilemma faced by groups who have lost their only child(“shidu”).In the unique social context of China,such problem of bereaved women deserves special attention.As the current elderly care plan based on the pathological concept cannot effectively address this problem,a new idea emerges from the perspective of empowerment that integrates individual needs with macro-structure changes.The study finds that the dis-empowerment of bereaved old women is caused by the lack of life resources and insufficient efficiency on the individual level,the negative interaction and self-exclusion for social contactat the interpersonal level,the policy defects and structural oppression on the institutional level.In order to strengthen the elderly care for bereaved women,efforts should be made to inspire their sense of competence,strengthen education of the public and construction of socialized pension mode,wipe out discrimination,improve the institutional construction that features equality and justice.These are important paths for the transformation of elderly care from dis-empowerment to empowerment.