合成生物学的医学应用

Synthetic biology and its medical application

合成生物学旨在基于工程学原理,通过人工合成生物调控元件、模块和基因调控网络等对细胞进行设计和改造,以实现细胞和生命体的定向演化。在医学研究中,合成生物学主要采用人工设计合成治疗性的基因回路,制备工程化细胞植入体内,纠正机体已发生缺陷的生物调控元件,以达到治疗疾病的目的。本文对合成生物学的兴起、发展及其在医学中的应用和研究进展进行了综述。

Synthetic biology aims to design and modify cells through artificially synthesized biological regulatory elements, modules and gene regulatory networks based on engineering principles to achieve the directional evolution of cells and living organisms. In medical science research, synthetic biology mainly uses artificial design and synthesis of therapeutic gene circuits to prepare engineered cells for implantation in the body to correct biological regulatory elements that have been defective in the body and to accomplish the purpose of treating diseases. In this review, we summerized the origin and development of synthetic biology, its application and research advances in clinical medicine.