蚯蚓粪配施化肥对稻田土壤性状和酶活的影响

Effect of chemical fertilizer combined with vermicompost on soil characters and enzyme activity in paddy fields

为降低化肥污染和改善稻田土壤肥力,试验施用不同剂量蚯蚓粪有机肥配施化肥,探究对种植水稻东北黑土土壤性状(碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾)和5种酶活(脱氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶)的影响,筛选适合水稻生长有机肥用量。结果表明,8种施肥模式中,蚯蚓粪配施化肥处理土壤性状和酶活高于常规施肥对照组。经主成分分析,碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、脱氢酶和磷酸酶发挥主要作用,比较8种有机肥配施化肥土壤性状和酶活可知,化肥减量30%+蚯蚓粪(T3)处理效果最显著,与未施肥处理(CK)和常规化肥处理(CK0)相比,T3处理分别增产31.6%和71.8%(P<0.01),更利于促进水稻生长。

To reduce chemical fertilizer pollution and improve soil properties,different doses of vermicompost organic fertilizers in the rice-growing northeast black soil were used to explore the effect of eight fertilization treatmentson soil properties(alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,the total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium)and five kinds of enzyme activities(dehydrogenase,phosphatase,invertase,urease and catalase),and selected the amount of organic fertilizer suitable for rice growth.The results showed that the values of soil properties and enzyme activities treated by the vermicompost were higher than those of conventional fertilization in the control group among eight kinds of fertilization models.Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,the total phosphorus,available phosphorus,dehydro-genase and phosphatase played the main roles through principal component analyses.By comparing the soil properties and enzyme activities of eight organic fertilizers combined with fertilizer application,it could be known that the effect of fertilizer reduction by 30%+vermicompost treatment(T3)was the most significant.Compared with unfertilized treatment(CK)and conventional fertilizer treatment(CK0),T3 increased the yield by31.6%and 71.8%,respectively(P<0.01),which was more conducive to promote rice growth.