缺氧条件下中枢神经系统外泌体作用机制

The Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System under Hypoxic Condition

外泌体是来源于细胞内吞噬作用的细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs),其含有特定的蛋白质、脂质、RNA和DNA,能将信号传递给受体细胞,从而介导细胞通讯过程。缺氧作为一种严重的细胞应激,是脑部疾病的重要特征,可以诱导外泌体的释放并影响其内容物。越来越多的证据显示,外泌体携带的生物活性物质可以反映其细胞起源和疾病状态,成为诊断或预测缺氧性疾病的潜在生物标志物。现对外泌体的一般特性和功能、缺氧条件下外泌体的分泌机制以及缺氧胁迫下正常神经细胞(例如神经元和星形胶质细胞)和胶质瘤细胞释放的外泌体的作用机制作一综述。

Exosomes are EVs(extracellular vesicles)deriving from the endosomal system,which contain specific proteins,lipids,RNA and DNA.They can transfer signals to recipient cells thus mediating intercellular communication.Hypoxia,as a serious cellular stress,is a vital feature of brain diseases,which can induce the release of exosomes and affect the content of exosomes.Increasingly,studies have indicated that the bioactive substances carried by exosomes can reflect their cellular origin and disease status,which can become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis or prediction of hypoxic diseases.This article reviews the general characteristics of exosomes,functions of exosomes,secretory mechanism of exosomes under hypoxic condition,as well as the mechanism of exosomes released by normal nerve cells(such as neurons and astrocytes)and glioma cells under hypoxia.