民国时期地方政府应对重大传染病组织动员能力探析——以《大公报》(桂林版)报道的广西霍乱为中心

An analysis of mobilization ability of local government to major infectious diseases in the Republic of China-centering on Guangxi cholera reported by Ta Kung Pao(Guilin version)

民国时期,广西霍乱频发,严重危害人们的生命健康。面对严峻形势,能否迅速组织防治,考验着地方政府的应急动员能力。广西地方政府通过“快速集结,保障供应;强化宣传,广泛动员;出台法令,配合动员”等举措,使霍乱得到一定程度的遏制。其组织动员体现出了政府主导、注重科学、力行法治、军地联动等特点,但也存在动员滞后、长效机制未能建立等缺陷。总体而言,随着现代卫生制度逐步建立,民国时期地方政府应对重大传染病的组织动员能力已有明显提高。

During the period of the Republic of China,continuous cholera had a heavy damage on public health.The severe condition could test local government’s emergency mobilization ability to carry out quick measures for the prevention and cure of the epidemic.Through rapid assembly for supply guarantee,reinforced publicity to mobilize all forces,and newly launched law to promote mobilization,local government of Guangxi Province contained cholera in some degree,which manifested such characteristics as the leadership of government,emphasis on science,enforcement of the rule of law,and military-civilian linkage.But drawbacks like the lag of mobilization and failure to establish a long-term mechanism still existed.Overall,along with the construction of modern sanitation system,the mobilization ability of local governments in the Republic of China had been improved a lot.