宅基地征收对农户就业及福利的影响——基于CHIP数据的实证分析

Impact of Homestead Expropriation on the Employment and Welfare of Farmers--Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP Data

宅基地征收对盘活农村土地资产、缓解城乡矛盾具有重要意义。在宅基地征收过程中,宅基地征收直接影响着农户就业及福利。以CHIP数据为基础,通过Logistic、OLS、分位数等模型探究了宅基地征收对农户就业及福利的影响。结果表明:①宅基地征收促进了农户非农就业,在就业选择、就业时间、劳动力配置3个方面解放了农村劳动力。②宅基地征收提升了农户福利,失地农户家庭可支配收入、消费支出、幸福感和健康水平显著提高,尤其以高等收入/消费农户群体提升的最为显著。基于研究结果,提出政策建议:完善被宅基地征收农户再就业保障与中低等收入/消费农户群体福利保障机制;扩大宅基地征收政策宣传,提升农户自主权。

The expropriation of homestead was of great significance to revitalizing rural land assets and alleviating urban-rural conflicts.In the process of homestead acquisition,the homestead expropriation directly affected the employment and welfare of farmers.Based on CHIP data,this paper explored the impact of homestead expropriation on the employment and welfare of farmers by Logistic,OLS,quantile regression and other models.The results showed that:①The expropriation of homesteads promotes non-agricultural employment of rural households,liberating rural labor in three aspects:employment selection,employment time,and labor allocation,prompting them to switch to non-agricultural employment.②The expropriation of homesteads improved the welfare of farmers,the disposable income,consumption expenditure,happiness and health of land-lost farmers have increased significantly,especially the high-income/consumer group of farmers.Policy recommendations:Improving the re-employment protection of farmers whose homesteads were expropriated,the welfare guarantee mechanism for low and middle farmers,expanding the publicity of homestead expropriation policies,and enhancing farmers′autonomy.