改革开放以来山区土地景观格局时空变化特征——以北京市门头沟区为例

Spatial and Temporal Change Characteristics of Landscape Pattern in Mountainous Areas Since the Reform and Opening up-Case Study at Mentougou District,Beijing

以北京市门头沟区为例,基于遥感影像数据,利用“3S”技术和统计分析,对研究区7个不同时期的土地景观格局特征进行了分析。结果表明:①1985~2014年,未利用地和耕地减少了80.87%和66.97%,果园面积在2000年前处于下降趋势,2000年后增加了65.35%;②建设用地增加了32.40%,通过占用耕地(15.49 km^(2))、果园(2.58 km^(2))和未利用地(2.42 km^(2))来扩张面积;③景观水平上,区域格局逐年破碎化,异质性增高;类型水平上,建设用地、耕地、未利用地和林地破碎性逐年增加,果园的景观异质性先升高再降低,灌木景观聚集度增加。研究结果可帮助理解城市化景观格局-过程关系,为城市土地景观格局管理和优化提供参考。

Based on remote sensing image data,3S technology and statistical analysis,Beijing Mentougou District was selected as an example for the study of the characteristics of land landscape patterns at the research area in 7 different periods.The results show that:①from 1985 to 2014,wasteland and cropland decreased by 80.87%and 66.97%,respectively.The orchard land area decreased before 2000 while increased by 65.35%after 2000;②build-up land increased by 32.40%,and the area was expanded through the occupation of cropland(15.49km^(2)),orchards(2.58km^(2))and wastelands(2.42km^(2));③at the landscape level,the regional pattern became fragmented year by year with the increase of heterogeneity.At the type level,the fragmentation of build-up land,cropland,wasteland and forested land increased year by year.The landscape heterogeneity of orchard first increased and then decreased,and the aggregation degree of shrub landscape increased.The results can help us understand the relationship between urban landscape pattern and process,providing reference for the management and optimization of urban land landscape pattern.