科举判体文与明代公案小说的文体生成

The imperial examination judgment style and the style generation of case-solving novels in Ming Dynasty

受科举取士制度的影响,公案小说与科举判体文之间形成了一种同源共振的关系。从唐到明,科举判体文嬗变的过程,也是公案小说文体从滥觞到确立的过程。科举判体文的语言风格、结构模式、法律观念和教化传统都在公案小说中得到了呈现。在明代“刑乱国用重典”这股“春风”下,公案小说方兴未艾,最终建构起独特的文体特征,成为明代通俗小说中的一个重要门类。

Influenced by the system of selecting scholars in the imperial examination,a homologous and resonant relationship has been formed between the case-solving novels and the imperial examination judgment style.From Tang to Ming,the evolution process of the imperial examination judgment style was also the process from the origin to the establishment of the case-solving novels.The language style,structural mode,legal concept and enlightenment tradition of the imperial examination judgment style were all presented in the case-solving novels one by one.Finally,under the"spring breeze"of the Ming Dynasty that the country increased the penalty and cracked down on crimes to maintain social stability for the imperfect penalty system,the case-solving novels were in the ascendant,ending up in constructing unique stylistic features,and officially became an important category of popular novels in the Ming Dynasty.