量子逻辑解释优于哥本哈根解释吗——围绕投影法则的争论

Is Quantum Logical Interpretation Superior to Copenhagen Interpretation?Debates on the Derivability of Projection Postulate

弗里德曼和普特南认为,哥本哈根解释只能特设性地引入投影法则来符合实验事实,然而由量子逻辑则可以推导出投影法则,因此量子逻辑解释比哥本哈根解释更加优越。这一论断提出后不久就遭到了许多学者的反驳。海尔曼认为由量子逻辑推导投影法则的过程也是特设性的,巴布则认为由哥本哈根解释也可以推导出投影法则。随后,斯戴尔斯提出了由哥本哈根解释推导出投影法则的更加令人信服的论证。在这个意义上,三人的论证都反对弗里德曼和普特南的观点,而支持量子逻辑解释与哥本哈根解释处于同等地位的结论。尽管如此,斯戴尔斯仍试图从解释力的角度来论证量子逻辑的优越性。然而,对更广泛意义上的理论解释力问题的分析将有助于揭露这种优越性论证的缺陷,使我们重新考虑多种量子力学解释的平等地位。

According to Friedman and Putnam,while the Copenhagen Interpretation (CI) cannot derive the Projection Postulate (PP) but only include it as an ad hoc hypothesis,quantum logic can,which means that the latter is superior to the former.Their view,however,is refuted by many soon after their paper has been published.Hellman holds that the quantum logical derivation of PP is also ad hoc.Bub’s argument,on the other hand,does derive PP from CI.Stairs’s argument also derives PP from CI,but is more convincing than Bub’s.These three arguments,however different,all support the view that quantum logical interpretation is on a par with CI,against what Friedman and Putnam suggest.Nevertheless,Stairs still tries to argue that quantum logical interpretation has more explanatory power than CI.The defect of his argument,however,is not hard to detect when we discuss the issue of explanatory power in a broader range of theories;such a defect prompts us to reconsider the equal footing of interpretation theories of quantum mechanics.