“造型艺术”在中国的形成与传播——对北京大学造型美术研究会(1923-1931)的初步考察

The Development and Spread of “Plastic Art” in China: A Preliminary Study of the Plastic Art Institute of Peking University(1923-1931)

自1916年蔡元培任北京大学校长后,北京大学开始以学生社团的方式介入现代艺术教育,探索出一套行之有效的综合大学艺术教育模式,既作为校内美育的重要组成部分,也在艺术界乃至全社会形成了重要的影响。其中,1923年北京大学在合并此前分别设置的画法研究会、书法研究会的基础上成立的造型美术研究会,就在为我国艺术学理论研究贡献了一个新的艺术类型学名词的同时,也在很大程度上影响了我国专业层面的艺术教育。由"造形美术"转变而来的"造型艺术"术语作为一种艺术学中层理论一直沿用至今,并在中国当代美术教育格局中扮演了重要的角色。本文即是在对北京大学造型美术研究会相关史料加以全面考察的基础上,对"造型艺术"一词在中国的观念普及及其在专业领域中的应用进行初步梳理。

Since Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University in 1916, Peking University began to intervene in modern art education by means of student associations and explored a set of effective art education models in the comprehensive university, which served as an important part of aesthetic education in the University and exerted an important effect on the art circle and even the whole society. Among them, based on merging the Painting Institute and Calligraphy Institute, Peking University established the Plastic Art Institute in 1923, which contributed a new term of art typology to the theoretical research of art in China and also greatly affected the art education at the professional level in China. As a middle-level theory of art, the term "plastic art" transformed from "plastic art" has been used till now, thus playing an important role in the pattern of contemporary art education in China. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the relevant historical materials of the Plastic Art Institute of Peking University, the paper makes a preliminary analysis of the concept popularization of "plastic art" in China and its application in professional fields.