20世纪初欧洲中国绘画贸易的文化进路与策略——以卢芹斋、齐蒂尔为中心

The Cultural Approach and Strategy of Chinese Painting Trade in Europe in the early 20th century: Taking C.T. Loo and Vojtech Chytil as the Center

20世纪初的欧洲开始逐渐呈现出从"日本主义"向"中国热"的转变,对包括绘画在内的中国文化关注度不断提高。在此情形下贸易作为欧洲获得中国绘画的重要途径具有不可忽视的重要性,在利益的诱导下中国绘画经营者往往会具有更敏锐的洞察力并以更积极的姿态来推动中西文化的沟通与对话,故而在其商业性质的背后潜藏着更多的文化属性。在文化交流的视阈下观照20世纪初欧洲的中国绘画贸易,梳理出以卢芹斋和齐蒂尔各自代表的中国绘画贸易的两条不同文化进路,分析两者在经营绘画所属时代的古与今和对西方的中国美术史学术体系的填充与建构等方面呈现出的不同特点,同时总结其中体现出的经营之道与实现文化交流的策略之共通处,以期实现对20世纪初欧洲中国绘画贸易在抽象的文化层面上认识之加深,并为当今中国文化艺术的进一步传播提供更多可借鉴的内容。

At the beginning of the 20 th century, Europe began to show a change from "Japanism" to "Chinese fever", and paid more attention to Chinese culture including painting. In this case, trade, as an important way for Europe to obtain Chinese painting, was of great importance. Under the guidance of interests, Chinese painting operators tended to have more keen insight and promote the communication and dialogue between Chinese and Western cultures with a more positive attitude. Thus, there are more cultural attributes hidden behind their commercial nature. From the perspective of cultural exchange, this paper studies the trade of Chinese painting in Europe in the early 20 th century, summarizes the two different cultural approaches represented by C.T. Loo and Vojtech Chytil, analyzes their different characteristics in the ancient and modern era of painting and the filling and construction of the western system of Chinese art history, and summarizes the characteristics embodied in them, thus aiming to deepen the understanding of European Chinese painting trade in the early 20 th century in the abstract cultural level and provide more reference for the further dissemination of Chinese culture and art.