商代晚期的东西对峙

The Confrontation Between Eastern and Western Regions in the Late Shang Dynasty

殷墟一期以后,商王朝出于保障西部边境安全等目的,在晋南盆地与晋东南地区设置了两条南北向的防御阵线,形成了不同时期东西对峙的局面。东、西方势力对峙的前线大部分时间都在晋南盆地及左近地区。处于防御阵线上的聚落在战时作为防御堡垒或向外攻击的根据地,平时可能以贸易驿站的形式存在。商王朝及其附属势力、李家崖文化、西土集团之间并非一成不变的敌对关系,而是持续变化,不断整合。商代晚期偏早阶段,李家崖文化对商文化威胁较大,至商代末期,李家崖势力可能已与商人结盟;以姬姓周人为首的西土集团不断向东扩张,摧毁了延续时间最长的晋南盆地防御阵线,并攻击位于晋东南的太行山防线。周人攻灭大邑商后,东西对峙局面不复存在。

After the period of phase I of Yinxu, the Shang dynasty constructed two north-south defensive lines in Southern Shanxi Basin and southeastern Shanxi area for the safety of its western border. The confrontation between the eastern and western regions thereafter developed in different times. The front of this confrontation was mostly in Southern Shanxi Basin and its vicinity. The settlements on the line were defensive fortresses or bases for attacks during wartime, and worked as trading posts in the time of peace. The relationship between the Shang dynasty and its affiliated forces, Lijiaya culture and the Xitu(western region) hierarchy constantly changed through the time. In the early period of late Shang dynasty, Lijiaya culture became its major threat. However, by the end of the Shang dynasty, the Lijiaya force may have allied with Shang;meanwhile, Xitu hierarchy lead by the Zhou people of Ji clan expanded eastward, destroyed the longest-lasting defensive line in the Southern Shanxi Basin and attacked the line along Taihang Moutains in southeastern Shanxi. The eastern-western confrontation finally ended after Zhou people conquered Shang capital.