生物炭的理化特性及在建筑材料领域的研究进展

Research Progress on the Physicochemical Properties of Biochar and its Application in the Field of Building Materials

生物炭被认为是1种环保再生型的功能材料.因其独特的理化性质被广泛应用在建筑材料领域,其中包括替代水泥作掺合料、沥青改性剂、保水性介质、墙体功能材料和植被基质等方面应用.为促进对生物质废弃物的资源化利用,笔者归纳了近10 a来关于BC理化性质的相关文献,重点评述了BC在建筑材料领域的研究进展.结果表明:生物质原料各自独有的特性是造成BC理化性质差别的根本原因,生物炭制备工艺对生物炭特性具有显著性影响,这些性能差异进而又反过来影响水泥基复合材料和沥青等产品的各项综合性能.BC的各项理化性质并不是孤立存在的,笔者建议在今后的研究工作中应尽快完善生物质炭相关的标准和数据库,便于根据实际功能要求筛选出匹配的BC制品,同时注重加强BC在各类建筑材料中作用机理和长期耐久性等方面研究.

Biochar( BC) is considered as a renewable and eco-friendly functional material. With good anatomical structure and physicochemical properties,it has been widely used in the field of building materials,including substitute cement as admixture,asphalt modifier,water-retaining medium,wall functional material and vegetation matrix filling. To promote the recycling of biomass waste,the author summarized the literature on the physical and chemical properties of BC over the last decade,and reviewed the application progress of BC in the field of building materials. The results show that the unique characteristics of biomass feedstock is the root cause of the difference of BC physicochemical properties,and the BC preparation process has a significant effect on the BC characteristics,which in turn affects the comprehensive properties of cement-based composites and asphalt products. The different physical and chemical properties of BC are not existing in isolation,thus it is suggested that the standards and databases related to biomass carbon should be improved as soon as possible in the future research work,so as to facilitate the screening of matching BC products according to the actual functional requirements,and researches on the mechanism of BC action and long-term durability in various building materials should be enhanced.