基于体验认知的英语基本味觉形容词通感模式研究

A research on synaesthetic model of English basic gustatory adjectives from the perspective of embodied cognition

体验是人类认知自我和世界最重要的方式之一,在味觉认知系统中,舌头体验到的往往是被感知物的性质属性,基本味觉有酸、甜、苦、咸四种,对应于英语基本形容词分别是sour、sweet、bitter和salty。基本味觉形容词不仅仅表征味觉,还要向嗅觉、听觉、视觉和触觉延展。本研究在体认语言学视域下,以英语中味觉形容词sour、sweet、bitter、salty为研究对象,以当代美国英语语料库中相关表达为语料来源,从而论证体验认知在语言发展过程中发挥的重要作用,强调味觉往往向触觉、嗅觉、视觉和听觉进行拓展,这一过程也使得人们对自身和外部世界的表达更为细腻精致,同时也丰富了语言表达。

Embodiment is one of the most substantial ways forhuman beings to know themselves and the world.In the gustatory recognition system,the results experienced by the tongue are often the properties of the perceived objects.There are four basic gustatations:sour,sweet,bitter and salty in English.Basic gustatory adjectives extend beyond taste to smell,hearing,sight,and touch.From the perspective of embodied cognitive linguistics,the paper,taking English adjectives sour,sweet,bitter,salty which have been extracted from Corpus of Contemporary American English,conducts a systematic research on English gustatory synaesthesia metaphor development model,thus demonstrating that embodiment plays a significant role in the process of language evolution.The findings are that gustatory expressions can be expanded to tactile,olfactory,visual,and acoustic senses metonymically and metaphorically,which not only makes linguistic expressions more exquisite and delicate,but also enriches linguistic expressions.