“共谋性批判”:唐·德里罗编史元小说的政治叙事

Complicitous critique:Political narrative in Don DeLillo’s historiographic metafiction

《天秤星座》是以当代美国“第一个后现代历史事件”为题材的小说。本文在编史元小说理论框架下解读《天称星座》,认为其既具有元小说自我指涉的特征,又悖论地指向外在的历史现实,然其“自我指涉”非但没弱化,相反文本对社会历史的指涉功能得到了强化。小说通过反叙事、拼贴、戏仿、多重叙事视角、时空倒错、蒙太奇等后现代解构叙事策略,在历史和文学互文的过程中凸显了历史的虚构性和小说的政治化,展示了作者如何通过“先确立后颠覆”“先合作后批判”的“共谋性批判”策略使美国社会现实弊端问题化,邀请读者质疑现实并生产文本意义,从而达到批判美国意识形态的目的。

Libra is based on"the first postmodern historical event"in contemporary America.The present article analyzes Libra with the theory of historiographic metafiction.The authorholds that this text has both self-reference of metafiction and the reference to exterior history and reality,and that the former has not weakened itself,conversely emphasized the latter.Using various deconstructing narrative techniques,including counternarrative,multiple narrative perspectives,collage,spatiotemporal dislocation,parody and montage,the novel gives prominence to the fictionality and politicizing of the text by means of intertextuality between history and literature,conveying the author’s real intention to problematicize the American social issues by employing the"installing first,subverting next"and"cooperating first,critiquing next"complicitous strategy.Eventually the readers will be stimulated to challenge the reality and then start to create their own textual interpretation,with the final goal to criticize the ideology of America.