新精神活性物质发展与管制综述

Development and control on new psychoactive substances:a systematic review

新精神活性物质具有更迭快、种类多、毒性强的特点,业已成为继传统毒品和合成毒品之后的"第三代毒品"。新精神活性物质的出现对个人和公众健康构成越来越严峻的威胁,也对传统的毒品管制制度提出了巨大的挑战。为应对新精神活性物质问题,以联合国为平台的国际组织与国际社会均进行了一系列措施,我国于2015年出台《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》加强对新精神活性物质的管制,但由于其立法层级较低、缺配套措施等局限性,新精神活性物质的管控仍困境重重。为此,应在立足现有法律法规的基础上合理借鉴域外的经验和制度,通过加强宣传教育、加快列管步伐、完善监测预警等方式,推动新精神活性物质危机的有效解决。

New psychoactive substances have the characteristics of rapid change,variety,and strong toxicity.They have become the"third-generation drugs"after traditional drugs and synthetic drugs.The emergence of new psychoactive substances poses an increasingly severe threat to personal and public health,and also poses a huge challenge to the traditional drug control system.In response to the problem of new psychoactive substances,international organizations and the international community on the United Nations have taken a series of measures.In 2015,my country issued the"Non-medicinal Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Regulations"to strengthen the control of new psychoactive substances.However,due to the limitations of its low level of legislation and lack of supporting measures,the control of new psychoactive substances is still in a difficult situation.For this reason,it is necessary to reasonably learn from the experience and systems of foreign countries on the basis of existing laws and regulations,and promote the effective resolution of the crisis of new psychoactive substances by strengthening publicity and education,accelerating the pace of management,and improving monitoring and early warning.