饲养系统和日粮对羔羊屠宰性能和肌肉矿物质含量的影响

Effects of feeding system and diets on slaughtering performance and muscle mineral contents of lambs

文章旨在探讨不同饲养系统和日粮对羔羊生长、屠宰性能及肌肉矿物质含量的影响。试验将平均体重为(13.97±0.55)kg的120只羔羊随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。T1组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草,T2组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草和锌硒复合矿物质(0.2 mg/d硒,50 mg/d锌),T3组在室外放牧,除了采食苜蓿草外,每天额外补充100 g稻草和100 g燕麦。试验时间为9周。结果:T1和T2组羔羊的末重、日增重、半胴体重、下肢深度、下肢重量、眼肌面积、颈、胸肌、肾重量均显著高于T3组(P<0.05),但骨盆骨重量显著低于T3组(P<0.05)。各处理组羔羊的可食用部分和骨盆肌肉重量无显著差异(P>0.05)。T2组63 d羔羊血液硒含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了19.83%和25.0%(P<0.05),血液锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了31.71%和45.91%(P<0.05)。T3组羔羊肌肉钙含量较T1和T2组分别显著提高了8.79%和5.37%(P<0.05)。T2羔羊肌肉硒和锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了41.18%、65.52%和38.19%、46.15%(P<0.05),T2和T3组羔羊肌肉钾含量较T1组分别显著提高了3.27%和4.28%(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,放牧羔羊胴体的脂肪含量低于室内饲养的羔羊,室外放牧可以提高肌肉钙和钾含量,但肌肉硒含量降低。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different feeding systems and diets on growth,slaughter performance,and muscle mineral content of lambs.120 lambs with an average weight of(13.97±0.55)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 10 lambs in each replicate.T1 group was fed with base concentrate indoors and supplemented with 100 g straw every day;T2 group was fed with base concentrate indoors and supplemented with 100 g straw and zinc and selenium complex minerals(0.2 mg/d selenium,50 mg/d zinc)every day;T3 group was grazed outdoors and supplemented with 100 g straw and 100 g oats every day in addition to forage for alfalfa.The trial lasted 9 weeks.Results:The final weight,daily weight gain,semi-carcass weight,lower extremity depth,lower extremity weight,eye muscle area,neck,pectoral muscle and kidney weight of T1 and T2 groups were significantly higher than those of T3 group(P<0.05),but the pelvic bone weight was significantly lower than that of T3 group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the edible part of lambs and pelvic muscle weight among the treatment groups(P>0.05).Compared with T1 and T3 groups,the blood selenium content of 29-63 D lambs in T2 group was significantly increased by 19.83%and 25.0%(P<0.05),and the blood zinc content of T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased by 31.71%and 45.91%(P<0.05).The muscle calcium content of T3 group was significantly increased by 8.79%and 5.37%,respectively,compared with T1 group and T2 group(P<0.05).The selenium and zinc contents in the muscle of T2 lamb were significantly increased by 41.18%,65.52%,38.19%and 46.15%,respectively,compared with T1 and T3 groups(P<0.05),and the potassium contents in the muscle of T2 and T3 groups were significantly increased by 3.27%and 4.28%,respectively,compared with T1 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In this study,the carcass fat content of grazing lambs was lower than that of indoor lambs,and outdoor grazing can increase the calcium and potassium content of muscle,but reduce the selenium content of muscle.