相变储能材料研究进展

Research Progress on Phase Change Energy Storage Materials

综述相变材料分类(有机、无机、复合相变材料)及其优缺点。无机相变材料存在过冷及相分离现象,通过添加成核剂及增稠剂来消除;有机相变材料固体成型好、无毒,但热导率低;复合相变材料主要包括有机-有机、有机-无机、无机-无机复合相变材料,其融合了有机、无机相变材料的优点,成为当前应用较多的相变材料,未来可将研发重点放在制备热性能更稳定、储热密度更高、相变潜热更大且无过冷及相分离的复合相变材料,逐渐替代单一有机、无机相变材料。为了提高有机相变材料的热导率,通过添加高热导率纳米颗粒、膨胀石墨、金属泡沫、膨胀珍珠岩以及通过封装相变材料等方式来提高相变材料热导率,增加储热速率,结果表明,添加高热导率材料,可提高相变材料热导率,且热稳定性及热可靠性也较好,未来可重点研发分散性及相容性较好的特制高分子材料,替代传统高热导率材料,通过添加一种材料就可达到多种提升效果。

The classification of phase change materials,namely organic,inorganic and composite phase change materials and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.Inorganic phase change materials have overcooling and phase separation,which can be eliminated by adding nucleating agents and thickeners.Organic phase change materials have good solid forming,non-toxic,but low thermal conductivity.Composite phase change materials mainly include organic-organic,organic-inorganic and inorganic-inorganic composite phase change materials,which combine the advantages of organic and inorganic phase change materials,and have become the most widely used phase change material currently.In the future,research and development can focus on the preparation of composite phase change materials with more stable thermal performance,higher heat storage density,greater phase change latent heat,and no overcooling and phase separation,and gradually replacing single organic and inorganic phase change materials.In order to improve the thermal conductivity of organic phase change materials,the thermal conductivity of phase change materials and the heat storage rate are increased by adding high thermal conductivity nanoparticles,expanded graphite,metal foam,expanded perlite,and encapsulating phase changen materials.The results show that the addition of high thermal conductivity materials can improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials,and the thermal stability and thermal reliability a are also better.In the future,the focus can be on the research and development of special polymer materials with better dispersion and compatibility to replace traditional high thermal conductivity materials,a variety of improvement effects can be achieved by adding one material.