《伤寒杂病论》待时而治的运用研究

Research on application of treating diseases in accordance with the appropriate time in Shanghan Zabing Lun

张仲景用药之精,可通达六经,于外解表散寒,于内温脏回阳,其巧妙之处不仅在药物配伍选择上,更在于对病情时机的把握。"待时而治"是应对疾病的一条重要守则,"待时"一是指等待时机,如机体要顺应时令节气,做到天人相应;二是指判断时机,如选择六经病的"欲解时"进行治疗,疗效更佳;三是指抓住时机,对病情的判断要及时准确,用药识机,胆大心细,如大承气汤的攻下之法。"待时而治"的思想在《伤寒杂病论》病情进退曲折之中具有多处体现,展现出一代医圣之精湛技艺,启发后人,对后世医学的发展具有深远的影响。

Precise mastery about drugs by ZHANG Zhong-jing can make the whole body run smoothly. For the exterior, it can remove the symptoms and dispel the cold. For the interior, it can warm the zang-fu viscera. The mastery of such method lies not only in the choice of drugs, but also in the grasp of the timing of the disease. ‘Treat diseases in accordance with the appropriate time’ is a critical principle when dealing with the disease. It involves three implications: first, it means to wait for the time. For instance, human body should comply with the season to achieve the correspondence between man and universe. Secondly, it also refers to judging the time. Take the treatment of diseases as example, we should choose respective treatments of diseases in different time, delivering a better effect. Thirdly, it points out the importance of seizing the time, judging the condition timely and accurately. We should use drugs according to time and behave boldly and carefully, such as draining effect of Dachengqi Decoction. With the conditions changing, the idea of ‘treat diseases in accordance with the appropriate time’ reflects in many aspects in Shanghan Zabing Lun. It shows the exquisite skills of the best doctors, inspiring future generations and producing a profound impact on the development of future medicine.