学术为业何以可能——论韦伯对现代学术体系的反思

Why Is It Possible to Pursue Academic Career from the Reflection of Weber’s Modern Academic System?

百年前,在“科学作为天职”的演讲中,韦伯提出的工具理性、专业化、官僚制、价值中立等一系列标识性概念,为我们反思现代学术体系提供了重要线索。随着工具理性支配下的学术分工不断加剧,专业化程度越来越强。以实用主义和功利主义追求为目标的碎片化、实证化和量化研究取代了宏大叙事,成为现代学术体系的主流。算法成为现代学术体系的核心概念,但算法等工具理性的进步,并不能带来价值理性的安顿。具有浓厚新康德主义色彩的韦伯,所提出的划定学术与政治的界限、坚持价值中立等现代学术体系的方法论原则,为我们留下了一笔重要的学术遗产。

A hundred years ago,in the speech of which was that“Science is the bounden duty”,Weber put forward a series of symbolic concepts such as instrumental rationality,specialization,bureaucracy and value neutrality.These concepts provided us important clues to reflect on the modern academic system.With the intensification of academic division of labor advocated by instrumental rationality,the degree of specialization is becoming more and more forceful.Research characterized by fragmentation,demonstration and quantification,which aims at pragmatism and utilitarian pursuit,has replaced grand narrative and become the mainstream of modern academic system.Algorithm has become the core concept of modern academic system.However,the progress of instrumental rationality,such as algorithm,cannot bring about the settlement of value rationality.Weber,with a strong neo-Kantian color,left us an important academic legacy,in which he put forward the methodology of modern academic system,demarcated the boundary between academic and political,and insisted on value neutrality.