对《纯粹理性批判》(第二版)中先验演绎理论的一种阐释——基于黑格尔哲学视角的分析

An Interpretation of Transcendental Deduction Theory in Critique of Pure Reason (Second Edition)——based on Hegel’s philosophical perspective

先验演绎理论是康德哲学的核心基石。先验演绎理论的关键在于把对象区分为以尚未得到联结与综合方式存在的对象(即感性直观杂多)与以已经得到联结与综合方式存在的对象(即统一体对象)。但是,感性直观杂多的设定将给先验演绎理论带来两大难题:第一,感性直观杂多为何能向感性直观形式显现因而在主体中以表象方式存在;第二,感性直观杂多在主体中以非统一性的表象方式存在将陷入自相矛盾。这两大难题直接关系到表象与对象的同一性问题,进而关系到感性与知性这两种认识能力的统一性问题。黑格尔哲学的绝对同一性思想可以为先验演绎理论的困境提供一种解决方案。

The theory of transcendental deduction is the core to Kant’s philosophy.Through the text analysis,the point of transcendental deduction theory is to divide the object into that which has not been connected and synthesized(i.e.the congeries of perceptual intuition)and that which has been connected and synthesized(i.e.the object of unity).The idea of the congeries of perceptual intuition will bring two difficulties to transcendental deduction theory:first,why could the congeries of perceptual intuition present itself in perceptual intuition and thus exist in the form of representation in subject;second,it is self-contradictory that the congeries of perceptual intuition exists in subject in the form of non-unity.These two difficulties are directly related to the identity of representation and object,and then to the unity of perceptual and intellectual.Based on Hegel’s absolute identity,this paper therefore provides a solution to the difficulties of transcendental deduction theory.