丽景、交游与酬和:宋代士人园林中的舞蹈空间探微

Picturesque Landscape,Social Interaction and Literary Responsory:The Dancing Space of Scholar-Bureaucrats’ Gardens in Song Dynasty

宋代造园之风颇盛,士人营建私家园林遂成为蔚然一时的风尚。士大夫常于自家园林中设宴,邀请官场同僚或友朋于筵席间观看家中所蓄舞伎表演的舞蹈。精妙雅致的园内建筑、山石流水、草木花果等与舞伎在其中所搬演的舞蹈共同构筑起了士人园林中别具一格的舞蹈空间。这是宋太祖心愿中"藏歌贮舞"的绝佳场域,带有强烈的交游意味与社交属性。园主、宾客与舞儿之间的互动主要借由宾主诗词唱和、客人对舞伎的赠礼酬答或者舞伎求诗乞词兼及索要墨宝等较为习见的方式呈现。由于可渲染天下无事的太平气象,这一空间的构筑与上层社会对士人的期许相一致,并逐渐内化为士人营造、参访园林且于其中悠游赏舞的自主向往与追求。此空间实为有宋一代整体舞蹈表演空间中甚为关键的组成部分。

People especially scholar-bureaucrats were full of enthusiasm about constructing landscape gardens,which became prevailing vogue in Song Dynasty. Those scholar-bureaucrats provided banquets frequently,including dancing performance of domestic female dancers for their official colleagues and friends in private gardens. The peculiar dancing space in elites’ landscape gardens consisted of dance performance,delicate and elegant architecture,as well as the complex of hill,stone,river and vegetation. Filled with substantial social communication,it was the ideal location of revealing dance and music expected by Emperor Zhao Kuangyin.Literary responsory and gift reward was the conventional mode of interaction among garden owners,guests and female dancers. For the reason of symbolizing national peace and prosperity in Song period,the establishment of this dancing space was the emperor’s expectation for elites,which internalized those literatures’ yearn and pursuit of constructing and visiting private gardens where were the perfect sites of watching dance gradually. As a matter of fact,this space was a crucial part of entire dancing space in Song Dynasty.