由抵货而赈灾:1923年天津民众对日态度转变述论

From the Boycott of Japanese Goods to the Relief to the Japanese Earthquake:on the Change of Tianjin People’s Attitudes towards Japan in 1923

1923年春,国人因日本拒绝交还旅顺、大连,拒绝中国取消"二十一条"的要求,开展了抵制日货运动,天津民众的表现甚为积极。但由于部分商人态度消极,进行中存在较大阻力,实际行动与制定的规划、措施之间存在相当的距离。但9月1日日本发生强烈地震后,天津及南北各地民众即转而积极开展赈救日灾活动。国人对日态度的这一转变,官方的大力推动为表层的直接原因,商人难以接受因抵货造成的经济损失及对中日关系前景的考量,方为其背后的主要原因,而日遭震灾只是提供了契机,国人对救灾恤邻古训的秉承、"以德报怨"的善良愿望则为这一转变涂上中国文化的底色。

In the spring of 1923,because Japan refused to return Dalian and Lushun,and rejected China’s request to abolish the "Twenty Articles",the Chinese people launched a boycott of Japanese goods,in which Tianjin people performed quite actively. However,due to the negative attitude of some businessmen,there is great resistance in the process,so a considerable distance lies between actual actions and the plans and measures formulated. When a strong earthquake occurred in Japan on September 1 st,people in Tianjin and other places across the north and south turned to actively carry out relief activities. In half of the year,the Chinese people’s attitude towards Japan has undergone a huge change from boycotting Japanese goods to providing relief for victims in the earthquake. The change of attitude is superficially caused by the government’s vigorous promotion,but businessmen’s difficulty in accepting the economic losses caused by the boycott of goods and their consideration of the prospects of Sino-Japanese relations are undoubtedly the main reasons. The inheritance of the ancient teachings "sending relief to your disaster-stricken neighbours" and the kind-hearted desire of "repaying grievances with virtue" painted this transformation with the background of Chinese culture.