“精神生态学”视野下的乡土书写--阿斯塔菲耶夫乡土小说创作论

Native Land Writing Focusing on Spiritual Ecology——on Native Land Novel Writing of Viktor Astafyev

阿斯塔菲耶夫是俄罗斯乡土小说的杰出代表,其乡土书写的独到之处在于聚焦人的精神之维。乡土秩序的解构是自然生态恶化和人的精神生态出现危机的核心症候。承载着道义与传统的故园、作为精神秩序守护者的乡民、团结和谐的聚合性生活模式、精神原乡的传统信仰,是乡土秩序的四个核心要素。"人神"论的现实化使得供养人类的自然演化为被征服、控制的外在实体,故园的失守和聚合性传统生活模式的消失,动摇了乡土文化的根基。个人主义、自我中心主义的文化"入侵",打破了乡土文化的精神秩序,从根本上导致了这一秩序的解体。

Viktor Astafyev is an outstanding representative of Russian Native Land novels,who is unique and typical at focusing on the spiritual dimensions of human being in his native land writing. The deconstruction of native land order is the core symptom of deterioration of natural ecology and the emergence of crisis of the spiritual ecology of human beings. Hometowns carrying traditions and moralities,villagers acting as guardians of spiritual order,the united and harmonious mode of living together,as well as the traditional beliefs of their spiritual hometown,are the four main constituent elements of the local land order. The loss of hometowns and the disappearance of the convergent traditional living mode shake the root of native land culture. The cultural intruding of individualism and egoism break the spiritual order of native land culture,thus fundamentally leading to the deconstruction of this order.