幅宽自动控制清秸防堵装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Automatic Width Control Row Cleaners

针对免耕播种机在进行玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田作业时,清秸防堵装置存在清秸幅宽、秸秆抛掷距离不合理和幅宽稳定性差等问题,设计了一种幅宽自动控制的清秸防堵装置。建立清秸幅宽数学模型,确定影响作业幅宽和漏清区域的主要工作参数和各参数的取值范围;运用S型压力传感器和电动直线推杆协同作用设计幅宽自动控制系统;通过正交试验设计和EDEM离散元仿真试验确定清秸盘的最优工作参数组合,并进行田间试验,验证自动控制系统和装置的作业性能。结果表明,影响星齿凹盘式清秸防堵装置作业幅宽和漏清区域的主要工作参数为清秸盘间距、工作偏角和工作倾角,通过仿真试验得到最优参数组合为90 mm、30°和15°;自动控制系统通过监测清秸盘对地压力实时调节其入土深度,从而调控其作业幅宽,可有效提高幅宽稳定性。田间试验表明,该装置苗带清秸率、秸秆横向移动最大距离和幅宽稳定性系数分别为92.3%、40.2 mm和92.1%,满足免耕播种作业农艺和技术要求。

Aiming at the problems of the unreasonable working width and straw throwing distance of the row cleaners and poor stability of the working width of no-tillage planter when working in the field,an automatic width control row cleaner was designed.A mathematical model of the row cleaning width was established,the main operating parameters that affected the row cleaning and the missing cleaning area were determined,and the value range of each parameter was obtained.An automatic width control system was designed by using S-type pressure sensor and electric linear actuator.The method of combining orthogonal experiment design and EDEM discrete element simulation technology was adopted,and the optimal working parameter combination of the row cleaners was determined,and the operation performance of the automatic control system and the row cleaners were verified by field experiments.The research results showed that the main working parameters that affected the working width and the missing cleaning area of the row cleaners were the distance of the two cleaners,the working deflection and the working inclination angle.The optimal combination of parameters obtained by the simulation test was that the distance of the two cleaners was 90 mm,the working deflection angle was 30°and the working inclination angle was 15°.The automatic control system monitored the pressure of the row cleaners on the soil and adjusted its depth into the soil in real time,thereby regulating the operation width of the row cleaners,which can effectively improve the stability of the width by 8.7 percentage points.Field test results showed that the straw cleaning rate,straw lateral movement distance and width stability of the device were 92.3%,40.2 mm and 92.1%,respectively,which can meet the agronomic and technical requirements of no-tillage planting operations.The research results can provide reference for the design of similar soil contact parts.