高温和干旱胁迫对马铃薯生长的影响及响应机制研究进展

Research progress on the effects of high temperature and drought stress on potato growth and its response mechanism

全球气候变暖已成为当今世界重要的环境问题之一,对植物生长发育造成严重影响。马铃薯性喜冷凉,为浅根系作物,高温、干旱是马铃薯生长过程中面临的主要非生物胁迫,马铃薯生长发育与生理代谢直接受到其影响。笔者讨论了当前高温和干旱耐受性的鉴定方法,从马铃薯植株形态特征、细胞生理生化变化、分子水平响应等方面系统概述了马铃薯对高温和干旱胁迫的响应机制。从选育耐热抗旱新品种、应对高温干旱的栽培调控技术及基因工程等方面论述了提高马铃薯耐热抗旱的途径和措施,为马铃薯高温干旱研究提供理论参考,并对未来马铃薯耐高温和干旱研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。

Global warming has become one of the most important environmental problems in the world today,which has a serious impact on plant growth and development.Potatoes favor coldness and are shallow-rooted crops.High temperature and drought are one of the main abiotic stresses in the growth process of potatoes,potatoes development and physiological metabolism are directly affected by them.This article discusses the current methods for identifying tolerance to high temperature and drought,and systematic overview of potato response mechanisms to high temperature and drought stress,including plant morphological characteristics,cell physiological and biochemical changes,molecular level response etc.,providing a theoretical reference for potato high temperature and drought research.We discuss the ways and measures to improve the heat and drought resistance of potatoes from the aspects of breeding new varieties of heat and drought resistance,cultivation and regulation technology to deal with high temperature and drought and genetic engineering,etc.,and provide theoretical reference for potato high temperature and drought research.And the future research direction and development trend of potato high temperature and drought were prospected.