为何要引入公众参与科学——公众参与科学的三种逻辑:规范性、工具性与实质性

Why Should We Launch Public Engagement with Science——Three rationales of public engagement with science:normative,instrumental and substantive

当前国内对于公众参与科学的理论引入与模型分析已经渐入佳境,在实践层面也崭露头角。然而在进一步深化公众参与科学的理论与优化公众参与科学的实践前,还需反思这一做法的目的,即为什么要进行公众参与科学实践?实施公众参与科学的项目是什么?在中国当下语境中,这种原因似乎是统一且先验的,然而通过考察西方与中国公众参与科学的实践与理论,可以发现,公众参与科学有着截然不同的目的导向,并形成了不同的逻辑基础。对此,本文分析总结规范性、工具性与实质性三种公众参与科学的目的性逻辑,区分不同目的逻辑下的公众参与科学实践的差异,指出尽早实现从规范性逻辑、工具性逻辑向实质性逻辑的跨越,才是发展中国公众参与科学,实现真切的、多样性的科学传播实践的合理路径。

In nowadays China,both theoretical analysis and practice of public engagement with science have gradually become better.However,before further deepening the analysis and practice of public engagement with science,we must think over a question that why do we need public engagement with science?In the Chinese context,this reason seems to be unified and transcendent.However,by examining the practice and theoretical analysis of public engagement with science in both Western and Chinese environment,it can be found that public engagement with science has very different rational orientations.In this regard,this article summarizes and analyzes the three kinds of rationales of public engagement with science:normative,instrumental and substantive,and further distinguishes the differences in public engagement with science under different rationales.Finally,this paper points out that early implementation of substantive rationale based on the development of normative and instrumental rationales is the reasonable way to develop the public engagement with science in the Chinese context.