拖拉机转向驱动桥自动限滑差速器液压系统设计

Design of hydraulic system of automatic limited slip differential of tractor driving axle

为解决配备普通差速器的四轮驱动拖拉机在恶劣复杂路况下行驶时因扭矩分配不合理造成的车辆前行困难、动力损失等问题,改善限滑差速器的自锁性能,设计一种拖拉机转向驱动桥液压锁止式自动限滑差速器的液压系统。介绍液压锁止式自动限滑差速器的整机结构和工作原理;提供三种液压锁止方案,剖析三种方案的结构特点及优缺点,择优选择加装负载敏感优先阀的液压锁止方案作为本机液压锁止最终方案,并介绍该液压方案的工作原理和对主要液压元件的分析选型。结果表明:该液压系统设计合理、性能稳定,3 h系统温升55℃、工作压力1.8 MPa、锁止力矩1840 N·m、回油背压0.35 MPa、响应时间0.2 s,各项指标均达到相关规定要求。

In order to solve the problems of vehicle forward difficulty and power loss caused by the unreasonable torque distribution when the four-wheel-drive tractor equipped with ordinary differential driving under severe and complicated road conditions,and improve self-locking performance of limited slip differential,a hydraulic system of hydraulic locking automatic limited slip differential of tractor s steering drive axle is designed.In this paper,the structure and working principle of hydraulic locking automatic limited slip differential are briefly introduced,three hydraulic locking schemes are provided.These structural features,advantages and disadvantages are analyzed,and hydraulic locking scheme with load sensitive priority valve is chosen as the final hydraulic locking scheme.Besides,the working principle of the hydraulic scheme and the analysis and selection of the main hydraulic components are mainly introduced.The test results show that the hydraulic system is reasonable in design and stable in performance.The temperature rise of the 3 h system is 55℃,working pressure is 1.8 MPa,locking moment is 1840 N·m,the back pressure of returning oil is 0.35 MPa,and response time is 0.2 s,all of which can meet the relevant requirements.