马克思所有制思想视角中的经济支配与超经济支配——从布伦纳的社会财产关系理论说起

Economic Domination and Super-economic Domination in the Perspective of Marx’s Property Thought--Starting from Brenner’s Theory of Social-Property Relations

马克思恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中提到“现代经济学家”的一个命题“所有制是对他人劳动力的支配”,这个命题没有区分经济支配和超经济支配,在布伦纳的社会财产关系理论的语境中,这个问题更进一步表达为:前资本主义各种所有制对直接劳动者是否只有超经济支配?资本主义所有制是否只有经济支配?从马克思所有制思想出发,我们能够初步解答这些问题:每一种典型的所有制形式都包含着对直接劳动者的经济支配和超经济支配,而且不同的所有制中这两种支配类型的相互关系不同,这归根到底是由于每一种所有制在历史建构过程中都会同时利用经济的和超经济的因素来建构自身,生产力的发展情况决定这些因素的相互关系,从而决定了一种所有制中的支配结构。把握这些内容,能够让我们更深入地理解马克思的所有制思想,为进一步的研究工作提供重要的基础和前提。

In“The German Ideology”,Marx and Engels mentioned a proposition of“modern economists”that“the property is the power of disposing of the labour-power of others”.This proposition does not distinguish between economic Domination and super-economic Domination.In the context of Brenner’s theory of Social-Property relations,this question is further expressed as:Whether all kinds of pre-capitalist Properties have only super-economic Domination over direct laborers?Does capitalist Property have only economic Domination?Starting from Marx’s Property thought,we can initially answer these questions:economic Domination and super-economic Domination over direct laborers included in every typical form of Property in which the relationship between these two types of Domination is different.What it comes down to is that each Property will simultaneously rely on economic and super-economic factors to construct itself during its historical formation.The development of productive force determines the interrelationship of these factors,which also determines the dominant structure of Property.Grasping these contents will enable us to have a deeper understanding of Marx’s thoughts on Property and provide an important foundation and premise for further research.