仿生修复技术在口腔颌面部硬组织缺损修复中的应用进展

Application of biomimetic restoration in oral-maxillofacial hard tissue repair

口腔颌面部硬组织是颌面部外形结构的支撑和口颌系统功能的基础,一旦发生缺损,不仅影响患者的咀嚼、发音等生理功能,还会对患者的心理及社交造成重大影响。而口腔颌面部硬组织的自我修复能力有限,缺损修复离不开人工材料,但人工材料的理化性能及结构特性与人体硬组织差距巨大,导致修复效果不佳。基于此,学者们通过模拟硬组织发育中的生物矿化过程,即仿生矿化技术,来提高材料的结构及功能的仿生性,实现增强修复效果的目的。目前对生物矿化理论的认识及仿生修复体系的构建处在快速发展阶段,新的研究不断涌现。本文将从几个方面对近年来仿生修复技术在口腔颌面部硬组织修复应用中取得的进展进行综述。

Oral-maxillofacial hard tissue is the support of maxillofacial structure and appearance,and lays the foundation for functions of oral and maxillofacial system.Once the defect occurs,it will not only affect the physiological functions such as chewing and pronunciation,but also have a significant impact on the psychological and social life of patients.However,the self-repairing capability of the oral-maxillofacial hard tissue is pretty limited,in which case,substitute materials are required for tissue repair.A huge gap exists between the physical,chemical,structural characteristics of conventional substitute materials and those of human hard tissues,resulting in poor repair effect.Based on this,scholars simulated the process of biomineralization in the development of hard tissues,to improve the structure and function of materials through biomimetic mineralization technology and enhance the repair performance of materials.The current understanding of biomineralization theory and the construction of biomimetic repair technology is still in the stage of rapid development.In recent years,a mass of innovative studies are keeping emerging.In this review,the representative advances in the repair of oral-maxillofacial hard tissues of the past five years are reviewed.