长期施用化肥对不同树龄苹果品质及土壤养分的影响

Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on the quality of different ages apples and soil nutrients

随着农业的高速发展,人们对水果的需求越来越高,果农为追求苹果树的产量和效益,在主产区长期施用化肥,因此探明土壤养分—苹果品质与长期施用化肥之间的相互关系是进行科学施肥与管理苹果持续发展的关键。以陕西省白水县幼龄、盛龄和老龄苹果果园为研究对象,通过对长期施用化肥的果园苹果品质、土壤养分进行监测,探讨长期化肥施用对苹果种植的环境效应影响。结果表明,在本监测区域内,长期实施用化肥的苹果园,不同果龄品质存在显著差异,总体呈现盛龄>老龄>幼龄;长期施用化肥的土壤,总体上盛龄土壤养分含量较高,老龄土壤养分流失较为严重;3种果园幼龄、盛龄及老龄土壤虽然都为碱性,但呈现酸化的趋势。长期施用化肥会对苹果的品质和果园土壤产生一定的负效果,影响苹果品质及土壤质量,建议对于长期施用化肥的果园,应及时针对不同果龄分别制定科学的管理与施肥方式。

With the rapid development of agriculture,people s demand for fruits is getting higher.In order to pursue the yield and benefits of fruit trees,fruit farmers in the main apple producing areas prefer to use chemical fertilizers for a long time.However,what will happen to the apple growing environment with long-term application of chemical fertilizers on?Probing the relationship between soil nutrients-apple quality and long-term application of chemical fertilizers is the key to scientific fertilization and management,and the sustainable development of apples.In this study,used the young,full and old apple orchards in Baishui County,Shaanxi Province as the research object,by monitoring the apple quality and soil nutrients in the long-term application of chemical fertilizers orchards to explore the environmental effects of long-term chemical fertilizer application on apple planting.The results showed that in the monitoring area,the apple orchards that have been applying chemical fertilizers for a long time have significant differences in the quality of different fruit ages,and the overall appearance is full age>old age>young age;long-term application of chemical fertilizers generally has higher nutrient content in the full age soil,and the nutrient loss of the old soil is more serious;although the soil of three orchards are alkaline,they showed a tendency of acidification.Long-term application of chemical fertilizers will have a certain negative effect on the quality of apples and orchard soil,affecting apple quality and soil quality.It is recommended that for orchards with long-term application of chemical fertilizers,scientific management and fertilization methods should be formulated in time for different fruit ages.