三江源国家公园生态保护路径研究

Study on ecological protection path of Three-River-Source National Park

建立国家公园体制是我国生态文明体制改革的重点任务。三江源国家公园是中国第一个国家公园体制试点,以探索实现最严格的空间管控和最有效的生态系统保护为目标,以生态保护管理体制机制创新为突破口,科学划定空间布局,明确功能分区管控目标、管控措施,探索生态保护新路径和新模式。通过阐述三江源国家公园体制试点的重要意义,研究总结了4个创新生态保护路径,即由多部门管理向统一部门管理转变、由多个自然保护地向一个国家公园转变、由自然资源利用者向生态管护者转变、由政府主导保护向全社会参与保护转变,归纳了空间管控、生态系统保护与自然资源可持续利用、监测评估、社区共建与公众参与等主要保护行动。以期为国家公园体制改革提供可推广、可复制的经验,也为全球生态保护提供可借鉴的案例。

The establishment of national park system is the key task of China s ecological civilization structural reform.Three-River-Source National Park(TNP)is China s first trial for national park system.TNP aims to explore the strictest space control and the most effective ecosystem protection.Taking the innovation of ecological protection management system as the breakthrough point,TNP declares the spatial layout scientifically,clarifies the control objectives and measures of function division,and explores new paths and models of ecological protection.By expounding the significance of the trial for national park system in TNP,this study summarized 4 innovation ecological protection path,namely transition from multi-department management to one department management,from a number of natural protected areas to a national park,from natural resource users to ecological conservators,from government leadership to social participation in conservation.Conservation actions were summarized,such as space control,ecosystem protection and sustainable use of natural resources,monitoring and evaluation,community construction and public participation.It is expected to provide the experience that can be generalized and replicated for the reform of national park system,and also provide the case for the global ecological protection.