浅谈初中历史课堂中历史解释素养的养成——以“魏晋南北朝”单元复习课为例

On the Cultivation of Historical Interpretation Literacy in Junior High School History Class:Take the Unit Review Lesson of"The Period of the Two Jins,the Southern and Northern Dynasties"as an Example

以历史解释素养的养成为主线的课堂教学,实际,上就是引导学生像历史学家一样去探究历史。它应具备以下特点:一是教师在唯物史观指导下,依据课程标准、精研历史、理性分析,形成自我认可的“历史解释”;二是凝练主题,梳理符合历史逻辑的线索;三是通过抛出有意义的问题创设情境,引发思维悖论,激活学生思维;四是设计问题链,辅以历史材料,促使学生在教师引导下进行充分的思考与讨论,引发学生深度思考;五是理性分析,运用批判性思维理解历史、辨析史料、评判史实,使学生逐步构建自己的历史解释。

With the cultivation of historical interpretation literacy as the main line in history class is actually to guide students to explore history like historians.Such class teaching should have the following characteristics.First,under the guidance of historical materialism,teachers form a self recognized historical interpretation according to curriculum standards,intensive study of history and rational analysis;second,they refine the theme and sort out clues in line with historical logic;third,they create situations by throwing out meaningful questions to trigger thinking paradoxes and activate students'thinking;fourth,they design problem chains supplemented by historical materials to guide students'deep thinking.The fifth is rational analysis,using critical thinking to understand history,discriminate historical materials and judge historical facts,so that students can gradually build their own historical interpretation.