《春秋繁露·必仁且智》篇智慧观解读

On Wisdom of Being Virtuous and Wise in Chunqiu Fanlu

董仲舒在《春秋繁露》中专辟一章论说智慧,这就是“必仁且智”篇。文章分三段从三个方面对智慧进行论说,即智慧的重要性及在选材用人方面的不可或缺性、何谓仁、何谓智。董仲舒认为,仁,指心理情绪,要对心理情绪进行管控,行为、结果才不会出现偏差;智,是指思维的规范性、判断的合理性及行事的恰当性三者的有机统一,含理性和实践的统一。仁,类似于现代心理学的情商,与后天的培养息息相关;智,类似于现代心理学的智商,与理性有关。董仲舒“必仁且智”的智慧观:既有继承,又有创新,兼有超越意识;是人才必备的智慧,是做人做事、安身立命不可缺少的德行和品质;继承先儒智慧观中的伦理道德性,其站位比现代人更高。董仲舒的智慧观对于现代人依然有诸多启示。

In Chunqiu Fanlu Dong,Zhongshu devoted a chapter entitled“Being Virtuous and Wise”on wisdom,which expounds wisdom from three aspects,namely,the importance of wisdom and its indispensability in selecting talents,what is virtue,and what is wisdom.Dong Zhongshu believes that virtue is psychological emotion,and only when it is controlled can behaviors and results not be biased.Wisdom is the organic unity of standardization of thinking,rationality of judgment and appropriateness of behavior,including the unity of rationality and practice.Virtue,similar to emotional intelligence in modern psychology,is closely related to nurture,while intelligence,similar to the intelligence quotient in modern psychology,related to reason.So in Dong Zhongshu’s wisdom of“being virtuous and wise”there are inheritance,innovation as well as transcendence.Besides,it is the necessary factor for talents and the indispensable virtue and quality to be a man,do things as well as settle down.Inheriting the ethics and morality in the wisdom of Confucianism,Dong Zhongshu stands higher than modern people,whose view on wisdom can still bring them many enlightenments.