政治生态话语中的生态观迷失与回归

The Loss and Return of Ecological View in Discourse of the Political Ecology

近年来的高压反腐和全面从严治党激发了中国"政治生态"的话语热潮,然而,当前的"政治生态"话语更多的是一种政治实践话语,而非学术话语。在国际学术界,政治与生态基于不同方式的结合而形成了生态政治学和政治生态学,生态政治学已发展成为包含不同理论流派和理论分支的成熟学术领域,而政治生态学则研究较少。中国现有的泛化的政治生态话语、文学化描述的政治生态话语、本末倒置的政治生态话语存在生态观的严重迷失。要走出生态观迷失的困境,建构政治生态学理论,需要在生态内涵上实现个体性评价向结构性和规则化观念的回归;在生态伦理上实现从道德整体主义与等级制向个体生命伦理与互利共生关系的回归;在生态运行方式上实现从一体化结构的单向控制向多元分化与制约平衡的回归。当然,生态学的政治价值是有限的,除了"自然正义"以外,我们还需要求助于"社会正义"作为现代政治转型的理论支撑。

In recent years, vigorous anti-corruption and strict governance of the party have stimulated the upsurge of discourse on "political ecology" in China. However, the current "political ecology" discourse is more of a political practice discourse than academic discourse. In the international academic circles, the combination of politics and ecology forms ecological politics and political ecology based on different ways. Ecological politics has developed into a more mature academic field with different theoretical schools and branches, while political ecology has less research. There is a serious loss of ecological view in China’s existing political ecological discourse of generalization, literary description and putting the cart before the horse.In order to get out of the dilemma of lost ecological view in discourse on political ecology and construct the theory of political ecology, it is necessary to realize the return of individual evaluation to structural and regular concepts in ecological connotation, and to realize the return from moral holism and hierarchy to individual bioethics and mutual-benefit symbiosis in terms of ecological ethics, and to realize the return from unidirectional control of unitary structure to pluralistic differentiation and restriction balance in the ecological operation mode, Of course, the political value of ecology is limited. In addition to "natural justice", we also need to resort to "social justice" as the theoretical support for modern political transformation.