增施硅肥对枸杞生理代谢、产量及品质的影响

Effect of Increasing Application of Silicon Fertilizer on Physiological Metabolism,Yield and Quality of Wolfberry

硅元素作为一种植物生长所需的有益元素,能有效提升作物产量,改善品质。以3 a生红枸杞‘宁杞7号’为试验材料,在常规滴灌施肥基础上分别设置叶面喷施硅肥+滴灌清水(T1)、叶面喷清水+滴灌增施硅肥(T2)、叶面喷施硅肥+滴灌增施硅肥(T3)3个处理,并以叶面喷施清水+滴灌清水为对照(CK),探讨增施硅肥对枸杞生理代谢、产量和品质的改善效果。结果表明:施硅处理能有效促进枸杞叶片的叶绿素合成及植株的营养生长,增加其叶片的植被覆盖指数(NDVI)和干物质累积量、光合速率(P_(n))、水分利用率(WUE)在叶面喷施硅肥配合滴灌增施硅肥和叶面喷清水配合滴灌增施硅肥中均显著提高,叶片气孔导度(G_(s))在叶面喷施硅肥配合滴灌增施硅肥中显著提高了16.98%,而叶面喷施硅肥配合滴施清水整体的效果不显著,蒸腾速率(T_(r))在施硅处理中显著降低;增施硅肥可以显著改善浆果可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和还原性糖含量,对维生素C(VC)含量有极显著影响,显著增加高达133.61%,但枸杞的总酸含量在各施硅处理下显著降低。枸杞的产量在叶面喷施硅肥配合滴施清水、叶面喷清水配合滴灌增施硅肥、叶面喷施配合滴灌增施硅肥中依次显著提高了3.46%、13.00%、24.57%,以叶面喷施配合滴灌增施硅肥处理下的经济效益达到最大,为35270.8元·hm^(-2),增幅为26.73%,产投比为1.85。在常规施肥的基础上,通过增施硅肥能有效改善枸杞光合特性,提升枸杞产量,改善枸杞品质,尤其采用叶面喷施硅肥配合滴灌增施硅肥的方式对枸杞的生产应用有较大的推广价值。

As a useful element for plant growth,silicon can effectively increase crop yield and quality.We took three-year-old red Chinese wolfberry‘Ningqi No.7’as an experimental material,four treatments,including conventional drip irrigation fertilization,foliar-spraying with silicon fertilizer and drip irrigation water(T1),foliar-spraying with water and drip irrigation with increasing silicon fertilizer(T2),foliar-spraying with silicon and drip irrigation with silicon fertilizer(T3),and foliar-spraying with water,drip irrigation with water as a control(CK),were set to study the effect of increasing application of silicon fertilizer on the physiological metabolism,yield and quality of wolfberry.The results showed that each increasing application of silicon fertilizer treatment could effectively promote the chlorophyll synthesis and vegetative growth of wolfberry,and increase the NDVI and dry matter accumulation of wolfberry leaves.The photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and water use efficiency(WUE)significantly increased afterfoliar-spraying with silicon was combined with drip irrigation of silicon fertilizer,and foliar-spraying with water was combined with drip irrigation silicon fertilizer.At the same time,the stomatal conductance(G_(s))of leaves significantly increased by 16.98%after foliar-spraying with silicon and drip irrigation with silicon fertilizer.However,the overall effect of foliar-spraying with silicon fertilizer and drip irrigation with water was not significant,and the transpiration rate(T_(r))also significantly reduced under the silicon application treatment.The contents of soluble solids,soluble sugars,reducing sugars in berries were significantly improved by adding silicon fertilizer,especially the contents of VC significantly increased to 133.61%,but the total acid content of wolfberry decreased significantly under each silicon treatment.The yield of wolfberry increased under each silicon fertilizer treatment.The yield of wolfberry increased by 3.46%,13.00%and 24.57%under threetreatments of spraying foliar silicon fertilizer+drip irrigation with water,spraying foliar with water+drip irrigation withsilicon fertilizer,and spraying foliar with silicon+drip irrigation with increasing silicon fertilizer,respectively.Among them,the economic benefit of spraying foliar with silicon and drip irrigation with silicon fertilizer reached its maximum of 35270.8 yuan·hm^(-2),with an increase of 26.73%,and the ratio of production to investment was 1.85.On the basis of conventional fertilization,adding silicon fertilizer can effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and the quality of Chinese wolfberry.