高速列车车轮多边形磨耗安全限值研究

Research on Safety Limit of Wheel Polygonalization of High-speed Train

通过车辆-轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型,研究不同阶次车轮多边形磨耗的安全限值。车辆-轨道动力学模型中考虑了构架、轮对、轴箱以及轨道系统的弹性振动,在高频激振试验台上测得车轴动应力,对动力学模型计算结果进行对比验证,说明该模型的准确性。然后计算不同阶次、不同波深和不同速度下车轴应力的变化趋势,结果发现,轮对的一阶弯曲模态82 Hz和二阶弯曲模态393 Hz对车轴应力影响很大,当车轮多边形通过频率接近以上2个模态,轮对发生共振导致车轴动应力急剧增大。根据车轴的许用应力及轮轨垂向力的要求提出了车轮多边形磨耗波深的安全限值,并说明研究车轮多边形下车轴强度的必要性。

Through the vehicle-track rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model,the safety limits of wheel polygonal wear under different orders were studied.In the model,the elastic vibrations of the frame,wheelset,axle box and track system were taken into account.The dynamic stress of the axle was measured on the high-frequency excitation test bench,and the calculation results of the dynamic model were compared and verified,to demonstrate the accuracy of the model.Then the variation trend of axle stress at different orders,different depths of wear and different speeds was calculated.It is found that the first-order bending mode 82 Hz and the second-order bending mode 393 Hz of the wheelset have a great influence on the axle stress.When the wheel polygonalization frequency approaching the two modes,the resonance of the wheelset causes sharp increase of the axle dynamic stress.According to the requirements of allowable stress of the axle and wheel rail vertical force,the safety limit of the wheel polygonalization wear depth was proposed.The necessity of studying the axle strength under the wheel polygonalization was illustrated.