湖北恩施富硒药用植物资源调查与利用

Investigation and Utilization of Selenium-Enriched Medicinal Plants in Enshi,Hubei Province

为了充分利用恩施土家族苗族自治州(以下简称恩施州)富硒土壤和药用植物资源,促进恩施州富硒中药材产业发展,于2016—2018年对恩施州4个县(市)12个采样点的土壤(187份)和药用植物(243份)进行调查、取样和硒含量测定,并通过外源喷施硒肥的方式对绞股蓝、白术和川党参3种药用植物进行富硒栽培技术研究。结果表明,调查的12个采样点中,83.3%土壤达到富硒标准(Se>0.4 mg/kg),其中恩施市新塘乡渔塘坝的土壤达到极富硒标准(Se>3 mg/kg);调查的168种植物中,23.8%药用植物达到富硒农产品标准(Se≥0.2 mg/kg),其中堇叶碎米荠具有超强的富硒能力,硒含量达到311.00 mg/kg,硒富集系数(SAC)为76.60;相同采样点不同种类药用植物的SAC存在差异,不同采样点同种药用植物的SAC也存在差异。在富硒土壤上种植药用植物或通过外源喷施硒肥的方式均可作为富硒药用植物生产的有效手段。综上,恩施州拥有丰富的富硒土壤资源和药用植物资源,利用富硒土壤栽植药用植物或外源喷施硒肥均可生产安全富硒中药材,可为恩施州富硒中药材产业的健康可持续发展提供有力保障。

In order to utilize the selenium(Se)-enriched soils and medicinal plants and promote the development of Se-enriched medicinal products in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(hereafter it will be abbreviated as Enshi Autonomous Prefecture).An investigation was conducted to test the Se concentration of soils(187 samples)and medicinal plants(243 samples)from twelve sampling sites in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,and an experiment was conducted to learn the effects of foliar Se application on the growth of three medicinal plants(Gynostemma pentaphyllum,Atractylodes macrocephala and Codonopsis tangshen)from 2016—2018.The results showed that the soil Se content of 83.3%of the twelve investigated sampling sites met the standard of high level(Se>0.4 mg/kg),and the Se content of soil from Yutangba(Xintang Township,Enshi)reached extremely high level(Se>3 mg/kg).The plant Se content of 23.8%of the 168 investigated medicinal plants met the standard of Se-enriched agricultural products(Se≥0.2 mg/kg),among which Cardamine violifolia was superior in accumulation of Se with Se content of 311.00 mg/kg and Se accumulation coefficient(SAC)of 76.60.There were differences in SACs among different species of medicinal plants which were cultivated in the same sampling site,and the same medicinal plants cultivated in different sampling sites also had different SACs.It was an effective way to produce Se-enriched medicinal products through cultivating medicinal plants in typical seleniferous region or spraying Se on plant leaves in Se deficient region.In conclusion,there were numerous Se-enriched soils and medicinal plants in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,and cultivating medicinal plants in typical seleniferous region or spraying Se on plant leaves in Se deficient region could be beneficial for the development of safe Se-enriched medicinal products in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture.