叶施有机硒对银杏叶总黄酮含量的影响

Effects of Foliar Application of Organic Selenium on Total Flavonoids Content in Ginkgo biloba Leaves

为探究有机硒叶施处理对银杏叶总黄酮含量的影响,以4年生大田银杏幼苗为试材,设置CK、T1—T6共7个叶施处理,分别为无肥、有机硒(0.835 g/L)、低浓度矮壮素(1 g/L)、高浓度矮壮素(2 g/L)、低浓度矮壮素(1 g/L)+有机硒(0.835 g/L)、高浓度矮壮素(2 g/L)+有机硒(0.835 g/L)、磷酸二氢钾(3.335 g/L)+有机硒(0.835 g/L),进行叶施1次和2次处理,测定银杏叶黄酮含量的变化,并分析黄酮合成相关基因的表达水平变化。结果表明,T1处理对银杏叶总黄酮含量的提升效果最优;有机硒叶施1次处理下6月30日、8月1日、8月15日、8月31日和9月15日采样的银杏叶总黄酮含量较CK分别提高36.71%、4.93%、19.28%、21.91%和17.68%;有机硒叶施2次处理下8月1日、8月15日、8月31日和9月15日采样的银杏叶总黄酮含量较CK分别提高了44.02%、39.86%、6.29%和27.35%。黄酮合成相关基因的转录组数据分析结果显示,喷施有机硒(T1)后银杏叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸4-羟化酶(C4H)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、查尔酮合成酶(CHS)、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)、异黄酮合成酶(IFS)、黄酮合成酶(FS)、黄烷酮3-羟化酶(F3H)、黄酮醇合成酶(FLS)、柚皮素2-氧戊二酸3-双加氧酶(FL3H)、槲皮素O-甲基转移酶(OMT)、类黄酮3′,5′羟化酶(F3′5′H)等基因的表达量明显提升,其中PAL、C 4 H、OMT和CHI等基因的表达高峰提前到达,4 CL、CHS和FLS等基因则一直保持较高表达水平。有机硒与矮壮素联合喷施能有效促进银杏叶黄酮合成关键基因的提前表达,并维持较高水平,进而促进银杏叶总黄酮含量的提升。

In order to study the effect of selenium on the content of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves,the four-year-old field ginkgo seedlings were sprayed with seven kinds of treatments once or twice on leaves,the sprayed materials were no fertilizer(CK),0.835 g/L organic selenium(T1),1 g/L chlorocholine chloride(T2),2 g/L chlorocholine chloride(T3),1 g/L chlorocholine chloride and 0.835 g/L organic selenium(T4),2 g/L chlorocholine chloride and 0.835 g/L organic selenium(T5),as well as 3.335 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.835 g/L organic selenium(T6)respectively.Both the changes of the content of total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba leaves and the expression level of genes related to the synthesis of flavonoids were detected and analyzed.The results showed that T1 treatment had the best increase effect on total flavonoids content.The Ginkgo biloba leaves(treated by organic selenium once)sampled on June 30th,August 1st,August 15th,August 31st and September 15th increased the contents of total flavonoids by 36.71%,4.93%,19.28%,21.91%and 17.68%compared with CK,respectively.In addition,those treated by organic selenium twice and sampled on August 1st,August 15th,August 31st and September 15th improved the contents of total flavonoids by 44.02%,39.86%,6.29%and 27.35%,respectively.The results of expression level showed that PAL(Phenylalanine ammonia lyase),C 4 H(Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase),4 CL(4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase),CHS(Chalcone synthase),CHI(Chalcone isomerase),IFS(Isoflavone synthase),FS(Flavonoid synthase),F 3 H(Flavanone 3-hydroxylase),FLS(Flavonol synthase),FL 3 H(Naringenin 2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase),OMT(Quercetin O-methyltransferase)and F 3′5′H(Flavonoid 3′,5′hydroxylase)genes were up-regulated under T1 treatment.The results also indicated that the expression level peaks of PAL,C 4 H,OMT and CHI genes were earlier than CK,and 4 CL,CHS,FLS genes were kept higher expression level than CK.Besides,organic selenium combined with chlorocholine chloride could effectively promote the early expression of key genes related to the synthesis of flavonoids in Ginkgo leaves,which maintaed a high level,then improving the contents of total flavonoids.