哄抬物价的入罪不法探析--以2020年特殊疫情防控意见为背景

The Illegality of the Bidding up Price--COVID-19 Pandemic as Background

针对疫情防控期间哄抬物价的行为,2003年两高出台了司法解释,2020年两高两部紧急联合印发了特殊疫情防控意见,要求在疫情期间对医用防护用品、药品哄抬物价、囤积居奇、牟取暴利的犯罪行为以非法经营罪定罪处罚。但哄抬物价行为侵犯的法益与非法经营罪的法益并不吻合,并没有违背国家特许制度和市场准入制度,更多侵犯的是国家卫生防控制度和医疗保障制度。从立法程序和特点来看,将哄抬物价紧急纳入非法经营罪构成要件加剧了非法经营罪“口袋化”倾向,尤其是在各地数额入罪门槛不统一的情况下,容易导致同案不同判的现象,不利于司法公正,也违背了罪刑法定原则。

Both of the 2003 judicial interpretation and the 2020 judicial announcement to the COVID-19 epidemic period has stated that bidding up price to the special medical supplies should be executed based on the crime of illegal business operations.However,the behavior of bidding up price doesn’t break the Rechtsgut of this crime,but has broken the national medical system and medical insurance system.To the aspect of legislation,urgent inclusion of bid up prices into the crime of illegal business operation may intensify its“pocket”tendency,especially when the standard is not unified at present.It’s liable to judge unfairly and violate the nulla poena sine lege,the statutory crime and penalty.