当代知觉哲学流派及其核心问题

The Shared Core Problem among the Theories of Perception

当代知觉研究的主要流派包括感觉材料论、朴素实在论、析取论和意向论等。感觉材料论主张,知觉的对象仅仅是感觉材料;朴素实在论则认为,我们能够直接认识客观事物,并采用析取论来回应感觉材料论所依据的错觉论证;意向论认为,知觉的对象是意向对象,进而主张运用意向模式和知觉内容的二分法来解释知觉。这些理论虽各有差别甚至相互反对,但均围绕知觉与外物的关系,尤其是错觉问题而展开。对错觉问题的不同处理既构成了这些理论的核心内涵和不同特点,也导致了各派理论之间的相互攻讦,以及理论内部的分歧和争论。

The main contemporary theories of perception include sense-datum theory,naive realism,disjunctivism,and intentionalism,etc.Sense-datum theory declares that the object of perception is just sense datum;while naive realism contends that we can directly perceive the material objects.In order to refute the argument of illusion,naive realists usually resort to disjunctivism.In contrast with the two theories,intentionalism takes intentional objects as objects of perception,and explains perception by the different paradigm of intentional modes.Although these theories are different from and even against each other,they all focus on the relationship between perception and the outside environment,especially on the problem of illusion.From this aspect,each theory can be regarded as a response to the problem of illusion.Such responses constitute the cores and features of these theories and lead to the differences and arguments among different theories and sub-theories.