数据法治安全与发展价值的衡平路径——以《数据安全法(草案)》的突破与困境为视角

Equitable Path of Security and Development Value in Data Under the Rule of Law——from the Perspective of the Breakthrough and Dilemma of the Data Security Law(“Draft”)

2020年6月公布的《数据安全法(草案)》明确其立法目的为保障数据安全、促进数据开发利用。但是从该草案所呈现的规则样态来看,如何平衡和兼顾安全和发展两种不同质法律价值的问题仍未解决。受到路径依赖约束、法律价值异质、基础制度不确定的影响,以法律激励理论为分析范式进行观察,可以发现该草案存在激励落脚点偏差、激励责任主体不清晰以及激励内容缺乏体系性等问题。对此,未来数据安全立法可以通过激活数据市场的活力与张力以提高收益,减少不合理的管理制度障碍以降低成本,为兼顾数据安全和发展两种价值的实现提供制度进路。

In June 2020,the Data Security Law(“Draft”)was released,whose legislative purpose is to ensure data security and promote the development and utilization of data.However,from the forms of the rules presented in the Draft,how to balance two inhomogeneous legal values,i.e.security value and development value,remains an unsolved challenge.Under the influence of path dependence,value inhomogeneity and uncertainty of basic system,with the legal incentive theory as an analytical paradigm,it can be found that there are still some problems in the Draft,such as deviation of incentive foothold,ambiguity of the incentive responsible subject and lack of systematization of the incentive.To solve these problems,data security legislation in the future can provide an institutional approach for the realization of both data security and development values from two perspectives,namely,to activate the vitality and tension of the data market by increasing revenue,and to lower costs by reducing unreasonable management obstacles.