文化反思与现代性——梁漱溟与经典学家的道德对话

Introspection of Culture and Modernity-Morals Dialogues between Liang Shuming and Classic Sociologists

梁漱溟学说之于中西社会思想的辨析不失为一个可贵的视界。譬如,其于中西文化的解读,现代性困境的思索,中西社会构造的质义等。梁氏认为,西方文化走的是向外求索的路向,中国传统文化走的是向内调适的路向。19世纪与20世纪之交的中国面临的困局源于文化不适导致的道德崩溃,中西社会构造有着团体精神与人伦质性的歧异。这些思想与经典社会学家如韦伯、涂尔干、费孝通等有着奇妙的衍通,可称得上近现代中西社会思想史交相辉映的奇观,对于理解文明的现代性富有启迪意义。

Liang Shuming’s theories offer a valuable perspective to the differentiation and analysis of Chinese and western social thoughts.For example,its interpretation of Chinese and Western culture;reflection on the dilemma of modernity;the qualitative meaning of Chinese and Western social structure,etc.Liang believes that western culture aims at seeking outwards,while traditional Chinese culture aims at inward adjustment,that the dilemma faced by China at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries stems from the moral collapse caused by cultural maladjustment,and that the social structure of China and the West differ in group spirit and human ethics.These ideas have a wonderful fusion with classic sociologists such as Weber,Durkheim,Fei Xiaotong,etc,thus full of enlightening significance for understanding the modernity of civilization.