2008-2018年北京城区某体检人群不健康饮食长期变化趋势

Long-term trends in unhealthy diet intake among a health examination population in urban Beijing,2008-2018

目的描述2008―2018年北京市城区年龄≥20岁体检人群不健康饮食的长期变化趋势,为人群膳食干预提供证据。方法以2008―2018年在北京美兆健康体检中心进行体检的人群为研究对象,采用半定量食物频率问卷进行膳食调查,获得北京市城市居民部分不健康饮食信息,包括含糖饮料、油炸类、腌制类食物、方便面及酱油等含盐佐料的日均摄入量,采取Meta回归分析描述其时间变化趋势。结果共纳入232702人次,经性别和年龄标化后,2008―2018年北京城市居民油炸类食物的日均摄入量呈上升趋势,上升幅度为0.23 g/年(P<0.001);方便面的日均摄入量呈下降趋势,下降幅度为0.26 g/年(P<0.001);含糖饮料和腌制食物摄入量有下降趋势(均有P<0.05),酱油等含盐佐料变化无统计学意义(P=0.073),除腌制类食物上述趋势在男女性中均表现为低年龄组变化趋势更明显(均有P<0.05)。结论2008―2018年,北京城市居民不健康饮食摄入存在长期变化趋势,且以年轻人变化更为明显,提示了人群膳食干预的重点。

Objective To describe the long-term trends in unhealthy diet intake among a health examination population aged 20 years or older in urban Beijing from 2008 to 2018 and to provide evidence for dietary intervention.Methods Data were collected from physical examination records at Beijing MJ Health Screening Center from 2008 to 2018.A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary information of unhealthy diet,including average daily intake of sugary drinks,fried food,pickled foods,instant noodles,soy sauce and other salted seasoning.Meta regression was used to describe the long-term trends.Results A total of 232702 person-times were included in the analysis.After stand-ardizing according to gender and age,the average daily intake of fried food of urban residents in Beijing showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2018,with the increase rate of 0.23 g per year(P<0.001),while that of instant noodles showed a downward trend,with a decrease rate of 0.26 g per year(P<0.001).The average daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and preserved foods also showed slight downward trends(all P<0.05),while the change of that of soy sauce and other salted seasoning was not statistical significant(P=0.073).Except for pickled food,the subgroup analysis results showed that trends were more obvious in the younger group in both genders(all P<0.05).Conclusions From 2008 to 2018,the average daily intake of unhealthy diet among Beijing urban residents has changed and the changes was more evident among young people,suggesting that young people may be the focus of population intervention.