晚清华工赴巴拿马筑路开河初探

Chinese Laborers Going to Panama to Build Railway and Canal in the Late Qing Dynasty

十九世纪中叶以降,巴拿马因修筑铁路、开凿运河的需要,在中国东南沿海贩运大批廉价壮丁抵巴。旅巴侨胞为巴拿马经济和社会的发展做出巨大牺牲与贡献。早期巴拿马却歧视、驱赶华民,排华浪潮因政府参与主导而愈演愈烈。清政府面对旅巴保工护侨的态度渐趋积极,通过外交磋商、设领事馆等措施以改善侨胞的生存环境。

Since the mid-19th century,due to the need to build railway and canal,Panama has transported a large number of cheap and strong men to Panama from southeast coast in China.The overseas Chinese in Panama have made great sacrifices and contributions to the economic and social development of Panama.In the early days,Panama discriminated and expelled the Chinese people,and the wave of anti-Chinese was intensified because of the government’s participation.The Qing government’s attitude towards protecting the overseas Chinese in Panama became more and more positive.It improved the living environment of overseas Chinese through diplomatic consultation and setting up consulates.