云南地方糯玉米品种主要农艺性状遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Waxy Maize Landraces in Yunnan

为有效评价和利用云南糯玉米地方品种资源,从400余份云南地方品种糯玉米材料中,筛选出来自云南16个地州市的共48份材料,对其31个农艺性状进行了数量和质量性状遗传多样性、相关性分析、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明:19个数量性状中,变异系数大于10%的有散粉至吐丝(91.4%),抽雄至散粉(55.2%),秃尖长(47.1%),穗位高(26.6%),千粒重(16.7%),穗行数(13.9%),株高(12.6%),吐丝至成熟(11.7%),行粒数(11.7%),轴粗(11.3%),穗粗(10.8%),出苗至抽雄(10.7%),穗长(10.2%),蛋白含量(10.1%);12个质量性状的遗传多样性指数从大到小依次为花丝颜色(1.15)、粒色(1.02)、植株整齐度(0.82)、上位穗上叶叶色(0.72)、株型(0.69)、雄穗护颖颜色(0.67)、花药颜色(0.64)、幼苗强弱(0.5)、支持根发达程度(0.48)、轴色(0.38)、雌穗包被完整性(0.29)、子粒大小(0.29);相关性分析结果表明,生育期与株高、穗位高、子粒大小呈极显著正相关,与蛋白含量(干基)呈极显著负相关;主成分分析的结果表明,前11个主成分累计贡献率达到78.56%;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离为11.5时,将48份玉米种质划分为3类。综合以上分析结果,共筛选出11份糯玉米资源,分别在熟期、株高、穗长、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重等产量相关指标中具有优异性。

In order to evaluate and utilize the waxy maize landraces in Yunnan Province effectively,the genetic diversity,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 31 agronomic traits were conducted in 48 accessions of waxy maize from all 16 cities in Yunnan.The results showed that among the 19 quantitative traits,14 traits have variation coefficient of higher than 10%(days from anthesis to silking,91.4%;days from tasseling to anthesis,55.2%;length of bare tip of ears,47.1%;ear height,26.6%;1000-kernel weight,16.7%;number of rows per ear,13.9%;plant height,12.6%;days from silking to maturity,11.7%;number of kernels per row,11.7%;cob diameter,11.3%;ear diameter,10.8%;days from seedling emergence to tasseling,10.7%;ear length,10.2%;protein content,10.1%).The genetic diversity indexes of 12 quality traits were different(silk color,1.15;kernel color,1.02;plant uniformity,0.82;color of leaf just above the node bearing the uppermost ear,0.72;plant type,0.69;glume color of tassel,0.67;anther color,0.64;seedling vigor,0.5;strongness of supporting roots,0.48;cob color,0.38;ear wrapped,0.29;kernel size,0.29).The correlation analysis showed that days from sowing to maturity were significantly positively correlated to plant height,ear height and kernel size,but negatively with protein content.The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the top 11 principal factors was 78.56%.The cluster analysis showed that 48 accessions of waxy maize germplasm were classified into 3 groups.Based on the aforesaid analysis results,11 accessions of waxy maize germplasm with elite traits(e.g.,maturity,plant height,ear length,length of bare tip of ears,ear diameter,number of rows per ear,number of kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight)are useful for future utilization.