西昌市城区3~14岁生长发育及营养状况分析

Analysis of growth and development and nutritional status of children with 3-14 years old in Xichang City

目的分析四川省西昌市城区3~14岁儿童生长发育及营养状况,为改善儿童健康状况提供指导依据。方法通过分层整群抽样法选取2018年4月—5月四川省西昌市城区19所学校1332名儿童为研究对象,测量其身高和体重,计算体重指数(BMI),并根据世界卫生组织儿童身高体重标准表评价其营养状况。结果10~<11岁组、11~<12岁组、12~<13岁祖,女童身高明显高于男童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余各组男童身高明显高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。各组男童体重和BMI均明显高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。7岁前男童、女童身高均低于全国水平,男童12岁后、女童8岁后身高高于全国水平;男童6岁后体重高于全国水平,女童各时间段体重均高于全国水平;男童、女童各时间段BMI均高于全国水平。男童组肥胖、超重率明显高于女童组,消瘦、低体重率明显低于女童组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组生长迟缓率和营养不良率比较、差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学龄前期组、学龄期组和青春期组肥胖、超重、消瘦、低体重、生长迟缓率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但三组营养不良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论四川省西昌市城区3~14岁儿童的总体发育良好,但肥胖和超重率较高,营养不良主要表现为消瘦,应加强合理营养宣传教育,督促营养均衡,养成良好的生活习惯,减少长时间静坐,增加活动量。

Objective To analyze the growth and development and nutritional status of children with 3-14 years old in Xichang City of Sichuan Province,and provide guidance for improving children’s health.Method The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1332 children from 19 schools in Xichang City of Sichuan Province from April to May 2018.Their height and weight were measured,body mass index(BMI)was calculated,and their nutritional status was evaluated according to the World Health Organization standard table of height and weight for children.Results The height of girls in 10-<11 years old group,11-<12 years old group and 12-<13 years old group were significantly higher than those of boys,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),and the height of boys in other groups were significantly higher than those of girls,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Weight and BMI of boys in all groups were significantly higher than those of girls,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The height of boys and girls before seven years old were lower than those of the national level,while the height of boys after 12 years old and girls after eight years old were higher than those of the national level.The weight of boys after six years old were higher than those of the national level,and the weight in each period of girls were higher than those of the national level.BMI of boys and girls in each period were higher than those of the national level.The rate of obesity and overweight in boy group were significantly higher than those in girl group,and the rate of emaciation and low body weight in boy group were significantly lower than those in girl group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in growth retardation rate and malnutriton rate between two groups(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the rates of obesity,overweight,emaciation,low body weight and growth retardation in the pre-school-age group,school-age group and adolescent group(P<0.05);however,there was no statisti-cal significance in the rate of malnutriton among three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The overall development of children with 3-14 years old in Xichang City of Sichuan Province is good,but the rate of obesity and overweight are high.Malnutrition is mainly manifested as emaciation.It is necessary to strengthen reasonable nutrition publicity and education,urge nutrition balance,develop good living habits,reduce long-time sit in and increase activity.