4D打印技术研究与应用进展

Research and Application Progress of 4D Printing Technology

4D打印技术又称为可变特性快速成型技术,是一门结合材料、数学和增材制造等学科的技术。4D打印使用的材料是智能材料,所打印结构的形状、属性或功能在环境刺激下可以随着时间的推移而改变。利用4D打印技术自组装、自适应、自我修复的特性,可以设计柔性化、个性化和智能化的结构。文中首先对4D打印技术进行了介绍,包括4D打印的特点、成型方式、使用的材料和变形的形式,接着阐述了4D打印技术的应用进展,最后探讨了4D打印技术存在的关键问题以及未来的发展方向。

4D printing,also called variable-property rapid prototyping,is a technology that combines material,mathematics,and additive manufacturing.The materials used in 4D printing are smart materials,and the printed structure,shape,attributes,or function can change over time under environmental stimuli.With its characteristics of self-assembly,self-adaptation and self-repairing,flexible,personalized and intelligent structures can be designed.This article firstly introduced 4D printing technology,including the characteristics of 4D printing,molding methods,materials used and deformation forms,and then explained the application progress of 4D printing.Finally,it discussed the key issues and the future development direction of 4D printing.